Adult birds

(1.)

(2.) The primary moult is well advanced. Black markings on at least seven primaries. More black on the wing tip than in typical nominate cachinnans.

(3.) Black markings on at least nine primaries, but otherwise an adult-looking individual.

(4.) Subadult markings on the tail and primary coverts

(5.) Small black markings on the primary coverts, indicating younger age.

(6.) This individual has also small black markings on the primary coverts.

(7.) Relatively short-looking bill, very dark eye and brightly coloured bare parts.

(8.)

(9.) This individual has a long, small bill, which makes it quite nominate cachinnans - like

(10.) Pale eye. Much less black on the wing tips that in most others, and this bird resembles nominate cachinnans (but many western cachinanns have more whitish inner webs of outer primaries).

(11.) The same individual as in photo 10.

(12.) Again a more barabensis - looking bird.

(13.)